Sam's Schoolwork - Religion - Personal Response, Pg. 59

I think that to hope against hope is when one's hope is to have hope in situations where they have none. Not just wishing for a hope, or a way of escape, but rather when one wishes to be able to have hope even when there is no escape. This has to be God given. I think the area in my life that I have the least hope in God is either in the end times (I absolutely hate end - time references and stuff. Always freaks me out completely) and in myself. I know God can fix me up, but I am quite worried that I may not accept what He wants me to do, or that I actually am on the right path, and haven't messed up. I do not know which road I am supposed to take, and so doubt myself.

Sam's Schoolwork - Chemistry - Lab 4.4

Problem
What reaction products result when the following substances are mixed?

Prediction
- Ba(OH)2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) = BaSO4(s) + H20(l) -- We'll know by the PH and whether there is a precipitate formed or not.
- Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) = Cu(s) + ZnSO4(aq) -- Color change from blue, and an orange solid forms.
- CaCl2(aq) + NaCO3(aq) = CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) -- A precipitate forms, and the pink color dissapears.
- CoCl2(aq) + NaOH(aq) = Co(OH)2(s) + NaCl(aq) -- A precipitate forms and the pink color dissapears.
- Ca(s) + 2H20(l) = Ca(OH)2(s) +H2(g) -- A solid forms, and it bubbles.
- HCl(aq) + NaCH3COO(aq) = NaCl(aq) + CH3COOH(aq) -- As CH3COOH is Vinegar, there will be a noticeable smell.
- Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) = H2(g) + MgCl2(aq) -- It bubbles, and the magnesium ribbon dissapears.

Design
On Sheet

Materials
On Sheet

Procedure
On Sheet


Evidence
- On the first solution we tested, the Ba(OH)2 turned red litmus blue, and was a base. The H2SO4 turned blue litmus red, indicating an acid. The result was much less acidic.
- One reactant had a blue color, the products were a black, red - tinted powder and a slightly less blue solution.
- There was a precipitate formed, making the water murky.
- The pink disappeared, and a blue precipitate formed.
- There was lots and lots of bubbles. There was sound and heat produced.
- There was a slight vinegar smell.
- It bubbled a little bit. The magnesium couldn't decide whether to float or not.

Analysis
The first solution tested was not entirely neutral, but slightly acidic. I predicted that an orange solid would form in the second solution, but it was more of a black color. In the fourth solution, the  product created was blue, which I did not predict. On the last product tested there was a much slower reaction than I had anticipated. The third, fifth and sixth solutions tested were all relatively equal to what I had predicted.

Evaluation
It was a fairly accurate test; it would have been better if they had been in isolated containers with no other atoms to influence it. I think some Oxide coating interfered a little on some of the reactions.

Sam's Schoolwork - Religion - Thanksgiving

Ben's back from the hospital! (Don't tell him I was worried, though. He'd probably think you are joking.)

Sam's Schoolwork - Chemistry - Lab 3.5

Qualitative Analysis of Solutions

Problem 
Which of the solutions is hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, and sucrose?

Prediction
I predict that the sucrose will have a neutral PH and be non conductive. The sodium chloride will have a neutral PH and conduct electricity. The sodium hydroxide will be basic and conduct, and I predict that the hydrochloric acid will be acidic and conduct.

Design
On Sheet

Materials
Apron
Safety Goggles
Solutions A, B, C, and D
Four 50 mL Beakers
Conductivity Tester
Distilled Water
Red Litmus Paper
Blue Litmus Paper

Procedure
On Sheet

Evidence
Solution A was conductive, and turned red litmus paper blue.
Solution B was non conductive, and did not turn the litmus paper another color.
Solution C was conductive, and turned blue litmus red.
Solution D was conductive, and did not turn the litmus paper another color.

Analysis
The base, sodium hydroxide, was solution A.
The acid, hydrochloric acid, was solution C.
The Sucrose was solution B.
The salt, sodium hydroxide, was solution D.